Usually yes, and more easily than later, but probation is not a blank cheque. You still need a fair reason and a fair, if shorter, process, and some claims such as discrimination apply from day one regardless of length of service.
The key is to manage probation actively: set expectations from day one, give honest feedback early, and do not leave the difficult conversation until the final week.
Important
Every situation has its own details, and those details change the right answer. For a read on yours, take the free Employee Situation Check or book a call.
General guidance to help you decide your next step, not legal advice. Employment law changes, so always check the current position for your own situation.