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Guide for business owners

What Counts as Gross Misconduct?

Gross misconduct is serious enough to justify dismissing someone without notice. But the term gets thrown around loosely, often for things that are not gross misconduct at all, and getting it wrong is expensive. Here is what it actually means.

Written by Samantha Newton FCIPD, Chartered Fellow CIPD · 5 min read · Last reviewed June 2026

Samantha writes a weekly HR column for Health & Wellbeing Magazine.

What gross misconduct really is

Gross misconduct is conduct so serious that it fundamentally breaks the trust at the heart of the employment relationship. Common examples include theft or fraud, violence, serious health and safety breaches, gross negligence, serious harassment or discrimination, and being unfit through drink or drugs at work.

Your disciplinary policy should list examples, but no list is exhaustive. The real test is the seriousness of the conduct and its effect on the relationship.

First move

Ask whether the conduct genuinely destroys trust, not just whether it annoyed or inconvenienced you.

Disciplinary and conduct support →

It still needs a fair process

This is where employers come unstuck. 'Gross misconduct' does not mean you can march someone off the premises on the spot. Summary dismissal means without notice, not without process.

You still need to investigate, hold a hearing, let the person respond, allow them to be accompanied, and consider any mitigation, before you decide. Skip that and even a genuine case of gross misconduct can become an unfair dismissal.

First move

However obvious it seems, run a fair process: investigate, hear them out, then decide.

The grey areas

Not everything labelled gross misconduct is. Context, whether it was a one-off or a pattern, and any mitigation all matter. A heated moment is not always the same as a calculated act.

If you are not sure whether something crosses the line, that uncertainty is exactly when a second opinion saves you. Mislabelling ordinary misconduct as gross is a common, costly mistake.

First move

If you are unsure whether it is truly gross misconduct, get a view before you act, not after.

“Samantha helped us with a long-term sickness matter and saved us from expensive employment law issues. A stressful situation handled in a fair and human way. Her advice was invaluable.”
Colin Medley · ★★★★★ Google review

Key takeaways

  • Gross misconduct is conduct serious enough to destroy trust, theft, violence, fraud, serious safety breaches and the like.
  • It can justify dismissal without notice, but you still need a full, fair process.
  • Context and mitigation matter. Not everything labelled gross misconduct actually is.
  • Facing a possible gross misconduct case? Take the free Situation Check before you act.

Dealing with one of these right now?

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